PRINT Instruction

PRINT( options ) start end list_of_series

Prints (actually displays) real data series with a simple instruction. COPY is a more complex and more flexible instruction for this.

Use DISPLAY to show/display general expressions or matrices.

Wizard

You can also view series by using the View—Series Window operation to create a Series List Window, selecting the series you want to view, and clicking the toolbar icon.

Parameters

start, end	Range of entries to print. If you have not set a SMPL, PRINT uses the smallest range required to show all defined data for the series. Any undefined data are treated as missing values.
list_of_series	The list of series to print. If you omit the list, RATS prints all series currently stored in memory.

Options

[DATES]/NODATES

By default, PRINT labels entries with their dates if you have set a CALENDAR. Use NODATES to get just the entry number instead.

NUMBER=integer number [unused]

Use this if you want to label the entries with a sequence of numbers different from the entry numbers. For instance, if you print a sequence of numbers which logically should be labeled –10 to 10, use the option NUMBER=-10.

PICTURE="picture code for data"

By default, PRINT finds the "minimal" representation for each data series displayed. This uses the smallest number of digits to represent exactly all the data points in the series. For instance, if an input data series has one digit right of the decimal, that will be the format chosen. However, derived series, like residuals, will almost always have fifteen or more non-zero digits. While PRINT will choose a format so the decimal points line up in a column, it can be very distracting to have too many digits showing in the numbers. A picture code takes a form like "##.###" or "*.#". The first requests two digits left of the decimal and three digits to the right. The second asks for one digit right and as many digits as are needed to the left.

SMPL=standard SMPL option [unused]

You can supply a series or a formula that can be evaluated across entry numbers. Only entries for which the series or formula are non-zero will be displayed.

WIDTH=field width [15]

The WIDTH option controls how wide a field each series gets. The default of 15 is quite wide; more than enough for most data.

WINDOW="Title of window"

If you use the WINDOW option, a Report Window is created with the indicated title and displayed on the screen. This will show the data in columns labeled by the series names.

Description

This displays entries start to end of the list of series. See the sample output below. If all series will not fit across the page, PRINT will put them in blocks of between four and seven. Note, by the way, that PRINT determines the default range (start to end) separately for each block. (If you use the WINDOW option, however, they will always be in a single block).

Missing Values

Missing values and data outside the range of a series display as NA.

Example

This computes forecasts and standard errors for several ARIMA models. Those are displayed using PRINT with a picture code which eliminates the decimal part. The result of a PRINT without the PICTURE option is shown below the actual output.

* Brockwell & Davis, Introduction to Time Series and Forecasting, 2nd ed.

* Example 6.5.5 from page 210

open data deaths.dat

calendar(m) 1973

data(format=free,org=columns) 1973:1 1978:12 deaths

boxjenk(diff=1,sdiff=1,demean,ma=1,sma=1,maxl,define=eq658) deaths

uforecast(equation=eq658,stderrs=s658) f658 1979:1 1979:6

boxjenk(diff=1,sdiff=1,demean,ma=||1,6,12,13||,maxl,define=eq659) deaths

uforecast(equation=eq659,stderrs=s659) f659 1979:1 1979:6

print(picture="*.") / f658 s658 f659 s659

Sample Output

with picture="*."

ENTRY F658 S658 F659 S659

1979:01 8442 313 8364 307

1979:02 7712 353 7649 359

1979:03 8558 388 8504 405

1979:04 8887 420 8866 446

1979:05 9851 450 9838 484

1979:06 10295 479 10277 519

without

ENTRY F658 S658 F659 S659

1979:01 8442.14641724 313.200018277 8364.29047778 306.637705711

1979:02 7712.29098740 352.568805913 7649.25167471 359.186857730

1979:03 8558.11342015 387.962980653 8504.47751132 404.973721331

1979:04 8887.46937498 420.387661345 8865.57480173 446.085452768

1979:05 9850.61524397 450.484513902 9837.54430888 483.715564535

1979:06 10294.93710827 478.692812480 10276.96298160 518.622467288